Association of daily sitting time and coffee consumption with the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among US adults - BMC Public Health

🌈 Abstract

The article examines the independent and joint associations of daily sitting time and coffee consumption with mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among US adults. The key findings are:

• Sitting more than 8 h/d was associated with higher risks of all-cause (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.17–1.81) and CVD (HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.21–2.66) mortality, compared to sitting less than 4 h/d.
• The highest quartile of coffee consumption was associated with reduced risks of all-cause (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.54–0.84) and CVD (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.30–0.69) mortality compared to non-coffee consumers.
• Non-coffee drinkers who sat six hours or more per day were 1.58 (95% CI, 1.25–1.99) times more likely to die of all causes than coffee drinkers sitting for less than six hours per day.
• The association between sedentary and increased mortality was only observed among adults who did not drink coffee, but not among those who drank coffee.

🙋 Q&A

[01] Sedentary Behavior and Mortality

1. What are the key findings regarding the association between sedentary behavior and mortality?

• Sitting more than 8 h/d was associated with higher risks of all-cause and CVD mortality, compared to sitting less than 4 h/d.
• The association between sedentary and increased mortality was only observed among adults who did not drink coffee, but not among those who drank coffee.

2. What are some of the proposed mechanisms linking sedentary behavior to increased mortality?

• Sedentary behavior is associated with increased inflammation, impaired glucose metabolism, and alterations in skeletal muscle metabolism, which can contribute to adverse health outcomes.
• Physical inactivity and reduced cardiorespiratory fitness are also linked to higher mortality risks.

3. Are there any subgroup differences in the association between sedentary behavior and mortality?

• The study found a significant interaction between age and daily sitting time, where the risk of all-cause mortality was significantly higher in people over 65 years of age who were sedentary for more than 8 h per day.

[02] Coffee Consumption and Mortality

1. What are the key findings regarding the association between coffee consumption and mortality?

• The highest quartile of coffee consumption was associated with reduced risks of all-cause and CVD mortality compared to non-coffee consumers.
• Any amount of coffee intake was associated with reduced CVD mortality.

2. What are some of the proposed mechanisms by which coffee consumption may reduce mortality?

• Coffee contains various bioactive compounds, such as caffeine, phenolic compounds, and minerals, that have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and metabolic benefits.
• Coffee consumption has been linked to improved insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, and reduced risk of metabolic syndrome.

3. Are there any subgroup differences in the association between coffee consumption and mortality?

• The study found a significant interaction between race/ethnicity and coffee consumption, where the risk of all-cause mortality was significantly lower in Non-Hispanic Black coffee consumers compared to non-consumers.

[03] Joint Association of Sedentary Behavior and Coffee Consumption with Mortality

1. What are the key findings from the joint analysis of sedentary behavior and coffee consumption?

• Non-coffee drinkers who sat six hours or more per day were 1.58 times more likely to die of all causes than coffee drinkers sitting for less than six hours per day.
• The association between sedentary and increased mortality was only observed among adults who did not drink coffee, but not among those who drank coffee.

2. What are the implications of these findings?

• The results suggest that the detrimental effects of sedentary behavior on mortality may be mitigated by coffee consumption.
• Further research is needed to understand the potential interactive effects of sedentary behavior and coffee intake on health outcomes.

3. Are there any limitations or future research directions mentioned in the article?

• The study relied on self-reported data for daily sitting time, which may be subject to measurement error.
• The article suggests the need for prospective studies to investigate the causal relationship between the joint effects of sedentary behavior and coffee consumption on mortality.